Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. It is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions worldwide. The condition leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced joint mobility. While OA can affect any joint, it most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine.
Causes
- Aging and Joint Wear & Tear
- Joint Injuries or Overuse
- Weak Muscles
- Joint Misalignment or Abnormalities
- Obesity : Excess body weight increases stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
Symptoms
- Joint Pain and Stiffness
- Swelling and Tenderness
- Cracking or Grinding Sensation (Crepitus)
- Bone Spurs (Osteophytes)
Treatment
Diagnosis
Orthopedic specialists perform a thorough evaluation to identify the root cause of Osteoarthritis. This may include:
- Medical History and Physical Examination
- Check for joint tenderness, swelling, and warmth.
- Assess range of motion and stiffness.
- Listen for crepitus (grating sound during movement).
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Physical Therapy and Exercise
- Medications
- Regenerative Medicine (Emerging Treatment)
- Weight Management
Surgical Treatments
- Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to remove damaged cartilage or bone spurs.
- Osteotomy: Bone realignment surgery to shift pressure away from the affected joint.
- Joint Replacement Surgery (Arthroplasty)
Advanced Technologies
- Imaging Tests
- Laboratory Tests
- Biomarker-Based Diagnosis (Blood & Urine Tests)
- Thermography (Infrared Heat Imaging)
Prevention of Osteoarthritis
Orthopedic specialists often emphasize the importance of prevention through:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight
- Stay Physically Active
- Protect Joints from Injury
- Get Regular Checkups
Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. While age and genetics play a role, lifestyle changes, exercise, and early treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent severe joint damage. Advanced treatments, including medications, therapy, and surgery, provide effective pain relief and improve quality of life.